Ohio's 2018 Learning Standards for Human Anatomy and Physiology (starts on page 114) - adopted for implementation in 2019-20 school year
Learning Objectives per unit (the year starts at the bottom of the list)
Reproductive:
Chapter 9: Muscular System
Chapter 7: Skeletal
Chapter 6: Integumentary System
Chapter 1: Introduction
Learning Objectives per unit (the year starts at the bottom of the list)
Reproductive:
- Describe function(s) of each part of the male reproductive system.
- Describe semen production; exit from body
- Describe function(s) of each part of the female reproductive system.
- Describe major events of female reproductive cycle. □
- Describe fertilization.
- Describe implantation.
- Describe major events of embryonic development.
- Describe general functions of digestive system.
- Name major organs of digestive system.
- Explain how the contents of the alimentary canal are mixed and moved.
- Describe the function and structures associated with the mouth.
- Explain how the products of digestion are absorbed.
- Explain control and movement of material through the alimentary canal.
- Describe how digestive secretions are regulated.
- Describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting and defecating
- Identify the general functions of the respiratory system.
- Explain why respiration is necessary for cellular survival.
- Name and describe the locations of the organs of the respiratory system.
- Describe the functions of each organ of the respiratory system.
- Explain how inspiration and expiration are accomplished.
- Discuss how various factors affect breathing.
- Explain how the blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Describe gas exchange in the pulmonary and systemic circuits
- Name the organs and general functions of the urinary system.
- Describe the location, structure, blood flow and functions of the kidneys.
- Explain urine concentration/composition.
- Describe the structures, of the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
- List routes by which water enters and leaves the body.
- Explain the regulation of water input and water output.
- List the routes by which electrolytes enter and leave the body.
- Describe the general characteristics of blood, blood elements, and the major functions.
- Distinguish between the formed elements of the blood and the liquid portion of blood.
- Describe the origin of blood cells.
- Explain the significance: rbc counts and how they are used to diagnose disease.
- Discuss the life cycle of the rbc.
- Summarize the control of red blood cell production.
- Distinguish among the five types of white blood cell, stating the functions of each.
- Describe the blood platelet and explain its function.
- Describe the function of each major components of plasma.
- Define homeostasis and explain the mechanisms that help to achieve it.
- Review the major steps in coagulations.
- Explain how to prevent coagulation.
- Explain blood typing and how it is used to avoid adverse reactions following blood transfusions.
- Describe how blood reactions may occur between fetal and material tissue.
Chapter 9: Muscular System
- List various outcomes of muscle actions.
- Describe and name the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber and describe the functions of each.
- Describe and identify the major events of skeletal fiber contraction.
- Explain how various types of muscular contractions produce body movement and help maintain posture.
- Distinguish between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers
- Compare the contraction mechanism of skeletal and smooth muscle fibers.
- Compare the contraction mechanism of skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers.
- Explain how the attachments, locations, and interactions of skeletal muscle make possible certain movements.
- Identify and locate the skeletal muscles of each body region and describe the action(s) of each muscle.
- Describe the muscular changes associated with life span changes.
- List the functions of joints.
- Describe how bones of cartilaginous joints are held together.
- Describe the general structure of a synovial joint.
- Explain how skeletal muscles produce movements at joints, and identify several types of joint movements
Chapter 7: Skeletal
- Discuss the living tissues found in bone even though bone appears to be inert.
- Classify bones according to their shapes, and name an example from each group.
- Describe the effects of sunlight, nutrition, hormonal secretions, and exercise on bone development and growth.
- Discuss the major functions of bones
- Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons, and name the major parts of each
Chapter 6: Integumentary System
- Define the term organ.
- Describe the structure and function of the skin.
- Determine what factors determine skin coloration.
- Describe how the skin helps regulate body temperature.
- Distinguish between the types of burns, and illustrate the healing process.
- Describe how cells are organized into tissues.
- Describe the structure, function and characteristics of epithelial tissue.
- Identify, compare and contrast different kinds of connective tissue.
- Distinguish among the three different kinds of muscle tissue.
- Describe the general characteristics and functions of nervous tissue.
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
- List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
- List and describe the major characteristics of life.
- List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
- Define and explain the importance of homeostasis.
- Identify the major body cavities and identify the organs located in each cavity.
- Name the major organ systems, list the organs associated with each, and describe the general function of each system.
- Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.